An buga kayan pastel- allon don sake haifar da hoton a kan ma'auni. Sa'an nan kuma a liƙa a kan kayan yumbura, kuma ana nuna launuka masu haske bayan gasa. Ana kiran wannan tsari aikin kayan ado na kan-glaze pastel decals. Yana da tsarin ado na yumbu tare da dogon tarihi da kyawawan halaye na ƙasa, amma kayan ado na siliki na siliki na pastel decals a cikin yumbu ya fito ne kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Kafin, an zana kayan ado na yumbura da hannu. Bayan da aka gabatar da tsarin bugu na allo a cikin kayan ado na yumbura na pastel, an canza tsarin samar da kayan aiki daga hannun hannu zuwa cikakkun kayan aikin injiniya, don haka ceton aiki mai yawa, kuma saboda abubuwan aikace-aikacen.
Launi da yin farantin allo na iya samar da kyawawan alamu, za'a iya kammala zane-zane na pastel ta cikakkiyar bugu na siliki, ko kuma ta hanyar haɗin bugu da hanyoyin hannu.
Na farko, hanyar buga kayayyakin yumbu na siliki na cikin gida
An fahimci cewa ana amfani da fasahar bugu a cikin masana'antun cikin gida akan samfuran tayal ɗin yumbu da aka harba, kuma ba za a harba bayan fentin fenti. Wannan hanyar bugu ita ce babbar hanyar buga fale-falen yumbu a kasar Sin a halin yanzu, saboda ba a harba shi ta hanyar pigment Saboda haka, samfurin da aka buga ba zai iyakance shi da launin launi ba.
Launi yana da haske sosai kuma a bayyane, hoton yana da wadata a cikin yadudduka, kusan babu bambanci daga zanen asali, kuma ya dace da faranti na faranti da fale-falen fale-falen kowane ƙayyadaddun bayanai da farfajiya.
Tun lokacin da masana'antu ke samar da kayan yumbu, an sami manyan canje-canje guda uku a fasahar ado. A cikin 1920s, tsarin ado wanda ya haɗa nau'ikan lithography da shafa foda na hannu an gane, ya maye gurbin faranti na hannu. Kayayyakin sun fi kyau kuma an inganta ingancin su sosai, amma haɓakar samar da
ƙimar har yanzu yana da ƙasa, kuma akwai gurɓataccen ƙura. A ƙarshen 1950s, na'ura mai sarrafa ƙura ta atomatik ta bayyana don inganta aikin ƙurar ƙura. Sabon sabani shine cewa saurin bugawa da kura ba su dace ba. Bayan gyare-gyare da yawa, a tsakiyar shekarun 1960, an yi amfani da bugu na biya maimakon na'urorin buga lithographic, wanda ya inganta aikin sarrafa kansa. A wannan matakin, matakai biyu na bugu da gogewa sun daidaita, ta yadda za a sami sabon tsarin samar da injina bisa bugu na kashe-kashe, wanda shine wani babban canji na samar da yumbu. Ƙaƙƙarfan yumbun da aka buga a allo yana haɓaka cikin sauri saboda aikin su mai sauƙi, ƙarfin daidaitawa da kauri mai kauri. An fara aikin sarrafa kansa a cikin 1950s, kuma a lokaci guda, fasahar aiwatarwa da kayan allo na siliki suma sun sami ci gaba mai ban mamaki. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, a cikin shekarun 1960, na'urorin da aka buga a kan allo sun kai kimanin kashi 20 cikin 100 na jimlar decals, kuma a cikin 1970s, ya karu zuwa fiye da 85%, kuma kusan 100% na gilashin gilashin da aka buga. A lokaci guda, ya fara amfani da kowane nau'in allo na musamman. Injin bugawa. Buga kayan ado kai tsaye a kan kayan aiki ya kai matsayi mai girma a duka inganci da sikelin. A halin yanzu, kayan kwalliyar yumbu na siliki sun maye gurbin kayan kwalliyar yumbu da aka buga kuma sun zama manyan hanyoyin ado na kayan yumbu tare da babban fitarwa, inganci mai girma, ƙarancin farashi da ƙaƙƙarfan sha'awar fasaha.
Na biyu, halaye na buguwar allo na yumbura bugu na allo na
yumbu rabe-rabe ne na Buga allo . Asalin ka'idarsa ita ce bayan yin farantin karfe, ɓangaren ƙirar da ke kan allon yana da ƙarfi, kuma ɓangaren da ba na tsari ba shi da ƙarfi, kuma an haɗa shi da zanen allo. Lokacin bugawa, squeegee yana yin hulɗar allo tare da takarda, kuma tawada nan da nan ya wuce ta ɓangaren ƙirar
The mesh miss prints a kan takarda. Kammala bugu na wucewar launi ɗaya. Buga allo na yumbu ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan bugu na allo da bugu na launi. Gabaɗaya, ana samar da bugu launi ta hanyar fifikon launuka na farko guda uku, yayin da abu na musamman don ƙirar yumbu ya ƙunshi ƙarfe oxides. Pigment, yana da sifofin rashin jin daɗi bayan bugawa, babu canjin launi bayan tari, da canza launi bayan gasa. Saboda haka, allon bugu na yumbura decals yana ɗaukar hanyar bugu ta mataki-mataki. Gabaɗaya magana, gwargwadon buƙatun asali, ana iya yin faranti da yawa ko ma dozin ɗin allo don biyan buƙatun asali.
Ƙaƙwalwar yumbu ita ce motsa ƙirar launi akan takardan furen zuwa jikin yumbu ko ƙyalli ta hanyar manna, wanda kuma aka sani da furen canja wuri. Ƙaƙƙarfan kan-glaze sun haɗa da canja wurin fina-finai, na'urorin ruwa da manne, da dai sauransu, kuma a ƙarƙashin glaze decals ana buga  takarda Flower. Sai kawai ana buga tsarin ƙirar a kai, sa'an nan kuma an cika shi da hannu bayan bugu na pad; akwai kuma masu launin layi a lokaci guda, wanda ake kira decals tare da ruwa. Akwai nau'ikan decals guda biyu: takarda da fim ɗin filastik. Dole ne a goge kayan aikin takarda, wanke da sauran matakai. Bayan da aka ƙirƙira ƙirar fim ɗin, ba a buƙatar tsarin cire takarda ba, kuma yana dacewa da injina da ci gaba da aiki.
Kayan ado na yumbu na iya amfani da hanyoyi da yawa na canza launin laka, canza launin glaze, canza launin ƙasa da canza launin overglaze. Launi ya kasu kashi-kashi: ana hada kalar laka mai launi da mai kalar da ke cikin babur sai a harba ta ta samu, don haka ana bukatar irin wannan nau’in kalar ba ta da wani abu a kowane tsari na yin ba komai; Bayan harba farin farantin, shafa danyen glaze a kai sannan a aiwatar da harbin mai kyalli. Ana buƙatar kada ya amsa tare da glaze a yanayin zafin wuta na al'ada, kuma kada ya gudana ko ɓata tsarin; Ana amfani da masu launin kan-glaze don yin ado da samfurori bayan harbin glaze. A saman ado na bukatar in mun gwada da low harbe-harbe zafin jiki (700 ~ 900C) za a iya da tabbaci a haɗe zuwa glaze, ba zai iya shiga cikin glaze da kwarara. Saboda yawancin amfani da hanyoyi masu sauƙi, bugu na allo ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kayan ado a cikin masana'antar silicate. Bugu da ƙari ga sauƙi na hanyar, babban fa'idodin bugu na allo shine daidaitaccen sarrafa launi da bugu kai tsaye akan ɓangarorin ain tare da siffofi daban-daban da filaye marasa daidaituwa. Kaurin tawada, wanda shine muhimmin abu don haskaka launuka da yawa da kuma juriya na inji da sinadarai na kayan ado, ya dogara ne akan nau'in masana'anta na allo. Abubuwan bugu na allo sun haɗa da firam, masana'anta da fim ɗin stencil. Ana amfani da firam ɗin don gyara masana'anta da aka shimfiɗa. Kwanciyar kwanciyar hankali da ƙarfin juzu'i na firam sune manyan abubuwan don ingantaccen bugu na stencil. Ana amfani da allon don gyara samfurin don sarrafa tashoshi da tawada. A cikin shirye-shiryen sassan da aka buga, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a ko za a iya buga shi daidai. An canza kayan ado na saman kayan yumbu daga zanen hannu na gargajiya da fesa fentin zuwa sauƙi da sauƙi na canja wurin allo, amma fasahar bugu na yumbu ba ta yi daidai da bugu na allo na yau da kullun ba, yumbu decal bugu na allo Features: Ceramic Ana amfani da kayan ado da yawa don ƙirar ƙira da kayan ado na kayan yumbu, wanda zai iya maye gurbin fasahar fentin hannu da fenti da aka yi amfani da su a baya; ƙuduri na allon bugu na yumbu na iya kaiwa 40 ~ 50L / cm; Bayan an makala samfurin tawada na allo a cikin kayan yumbu, ana buƙatar a harba shi a zazzabi mai zafi na 700 ~ 800C ko 1100 ~ 1350C don a haɗa shi da ƙarfi. Launi ya dogara da nau'in wakili mai launi a cikin yumbu; Rarraba zuwa yumbu glaze. A kan kayan kwalliya da yumbun da ke ƙarƙashin gilashi. Takardar furen ta ɗan bambanta saboda bambancin tsarinta; saboda ƙarfin rufewa mai ƙarfi na tawada hannun rigar yumbu, nuna gaskiya mara kyau. Saboda haka, ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da ka'idodin launuka na farko guda uku don bugawa a halin yanzu ba. Hanyar buga ɗigo tana ɗaukar tawada mai ɗigon launi na musamman wanda ba a wuce gona da iri ba.
Na uku, nau'ikan bugu na allo na yumbura
Akwai nau'ikan bugu da yawa. Buga na yumbu wani muhimmin sashi ne na bugu na ƙaya. Za'a iya raba bugu na yumbura zuwa babban-fim akan-glaze decal printing (daidaitaccen girman buɗaɗɗen girman buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen nau'ikan buɗaɗɗen glaze bisa ga tsari na decals da glazing da hanyoyin harbi daban-daban. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙaramin fim ɗin da ke ƙarƙashin glaze decal printing, kodayake ingancin bugu na babban fim ɗin da ke ƙarƙashin glaze ba shi da kyau kamar na ƙaramin fim ɗin da ke ƙarƙashin glaze decal, farashin sa yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, kuma tasirin bugun gabaɗaya ya dace. Ingancin firinta ya fi na babban fim ɗin buga takarda mai kyalli, amma farashinsa ya fi girma. Don haka, ana yin hukunci daga masana'antar ƙirar yumbura ta ciki na yanzu, yawancin masana'antun suna zaɓar ƙaƙƙarfan glaze na fim mai girma. Farko yumbu decal bugu ya ƙunshi nau'ikan lebur guda biyu da bugu na allo, amma tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar buga allo, da bugu na allo kamar ƙarancin samarwa, ana iya sake amfani da allon kuma ba'a iyakance shi da girma da siffa ta substrate. Yana da cikakken nuna abũbuwan amfãni daga lokacin farin ciki tawada Layer, m launi, mai kyau reproducibility da kuma karfi uku-girma sakamako, yin allo bugu yumbu decal fasahar a manyan bugu fasahar a cikin wannan filin, da kuma yanzu shi ya maye gurbin duk lithographic tukwane. Decal bugu tsari fasahar.
Za'a iya raba ƙa'idodin yumbu akan-glaze zuwa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi daban-daban. Lokacin yin ado da yumbu tare da decals, canza launin hannu, bugu na allo, da sauransu, yakamata a yi amfani da wasu mannen halitta. Irin wannan manne ya kamata a hankali a hankali ko kuma a ƙone su a farkon matakin harbin launi, kuma ya kamata a narke a farkon juzu'in.
dole ne a kawar da shi gaba daya kafin. Dangane da tsari na decals da glazing da hanyoyin sintering daban-daban, tsarin bugu na yumbu decal ya kasu kashi-kashi bugu a kan-glaze decal allo bugu da yumbu karkashin-glaze decal allo bugu. Buga allo yumbu akan gilashin allo suna amfani da tawada bugu na musamman, galibi ana kiran tawada tawada bugu na allo. Abu ne na bugu kai tsaye wanda aka yi ta hanyar birgima da niƙa na abin nadi na tawada. Dole ne a gasa shi a babban zafin jiki na 780 ~ 830C don nuna takamaiman launi kuma a haɗa shi tare da yumbu glaze. Ƙaƙƙarfan yumbu a kan-glaze shine a fara ƙyalli kayan yumbura da farko, sa'an nan kuma zazzage takarda, sa'an nan kuma daidaita tsarin. An rufe manne (180g / nf) tare da maganin PVB sau biyu (jimlar kauri na 0.01 ~ 0.011mm) akan takardar goyan baya. Lokacin amfani, da farko keɓance takardan goyan baya daga fim ɗin PVB ɗin da aka buga, sannan ku shiga cikin fim ɗin PVB kuma ku canza shi zuwa saman glazed na jirgin ruwan yumbu, sa'an nan kuma sinter a 780 ~ 830C, fim ɗin PVB yana carbonized kuma bazuwa, kuma samfurin launi yana haɗe zuwa saman jirgin ruwan yumbu. , Kammala canja wurin launi na kayan yumbu. Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙaƙa na Ƙaƙa na Ƙaƙa ) na Ƙaƙa na Ƙaƙwal na Ƙaƙa na Ƙaƙwal na Ƙaƙa na Ƙaƙa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙa na Ƙaƙwal na Ƙaƙa
) Yana da shi yana da halaye na ƙananan farashi, babban tsari da kuma kyakkyawan tasiri na gabaɗaya, don haka ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin masana'antun yumbura. Buga na yumbu, tun daga farkon lithography, gravure, da sauransu, zuwa daga baya lebur bugu da bugu na allo, a zahiri ya zama mamaye bugu na allo, musamman saboda bugu na allo yana da kayan aiki masu sauƙi da sauƙin ƙwarewar aiki. Farashin samarwa yana da ƙasa, za'a iya sake amfani da farantin allo, ba'a iyakance ta girman girman da siffar substrate ba, kuma layin tawada yana da kauri (kaurin fim ɗin bugu na bugu na allo zai iya kaiwa fiye da 5 ~ 10μm). Launuka masu haske, mai kyau reproducibility, karfi uku-girma hankali da kuma da yawa sauran abũbuwan amfãni, wanda ba su isa ga sauran bugu hanyoyin kamar lithography. Ƙarƙashin glaze na yumbu na farko ne na farko akan tayin kayan yumbu, sa'an nan kuma a yi amfani da Layer na enamel mai haske, kuma a sanya shi cikin zafi mai zafi don samar da kayan aikin yumbu masu launi. Lokacin da yumbu underglaze decal takarda da aka buga allo, da juna da aka buga a kan decal takarda, irin wannan.
Ana samun takarda mai ɗaukar furanni ta hanyar haɗa takardan auduga na ɗan lokaci da 180g/nt itace ɓangaren litattafan almara. Ruwan da ke hawa gabaɗaya ana yin shi ne da mannewa da ruwa mai cikawa a cikin wani ƙayyadadden rabo, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da ruwa na musamman lokacin hawa. Mai ɗaukar hoto da rubutu shine takarda auduga, wanda kuma aka sani da takardar fata. Lokacin amfani, canja wurin takarda mai ɗaukar fure zuwa tayin yumbura. Bayan cire takardar goyan baya, a yi amfani da Layer na enamel mai haske don sanya glaze ya rufe dukan amfrayo. Rarraba ƙasa da 1350C cikin tasoshin yumbu masu launi. Domin inganta aikin ɗaukar tawada na dillalin bugu na decal, ana iya amfani da tsarin bugu na fim ɗin. Ana buga alamu kai tsaye akan dextrin ko wasu nau'ikan yadudduka masu mannewa. Sa'an nan kuma sanya Layer guda ɗaya na fim ɗin resin acrylic akan ƙirar. Canja aikin sha tawada
Yana da kyau ga tsayin daka da tsayuwar tawada mai ɗigo mai kyau, kuma yana guje wa al'amuran cewa ana iya yin stencil tare da ɗigo masu kyau amma samfurin da aka buga tare da ɗigo masu kyau ba za a iya samu ba. Fim ɗin canja wurin furen kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga aikin ƙayataccen kayan ado na babban yanki da adon nunin ƙima, ain fasaha da sauran faranti na musamman. Don hana ƙwanƙwasa ƙwarƙwara da gogewa saboda rashin daidaituwar kayan kwalliyar lebur da sifofi masu lanƙwasa, waɗanda za su iya haifar da lahani na fitowar bayan gasa, guje wa haɗari masu inganci, da tabbatar da fahimtar manyan kayan ado na kayan ado.
4. Haɗin tawada ain bugu na allon
yumbu glazing yana sa koren jiki mara ƙarfi ga ruwa da iskar gas, yana rufe lahani a saman koren jiki, kuma yana taka rawar rufewa; yana inganta santsin samfurin, ta yadda za a iya yin ado da saman cikin sauƙi, sannan kuma yana iya inganta ƙarfi da kuma Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwa: Hana koren jiki daga gurɓata, bayan glazing, yana da sauƙi don gurɓata ko da tabo yana da sauƙi
. ana amfani dashi don wankewa; yana mu'amala da koren jiki don yin kyalli da koren jiki gaba daya. A abun da ke ciki na glaze allo bugu ain tawada: dauri ya hada da Organic kaushi da narke daskararru da resins; wakili mai launi mai launi, ƙarfe mai nauyi oxide, yana ƙayyade launi na yumbu bayan harbe-harbe; wakili na taimako yana ƙara haske na launi, ta yadda za a iya harba tawada mai buga allo ta launi. Sa'an nan kuma, an haɗa shi da yumbu glaze, kuma abubuwan da ake amfani da su na yau da kullum sune jikin gilashin gubar tare da ƙarancin narkewar boron. Wakilin samar da launi a cikin tawada bugu na allo galibi ƙarfe oxides ne, waɗanda ke ƙayyade launin launi bayan harbi. Barbashi na launi-forming wakili ne thicker fiye da na talakawa launi bugu tawada pigments, da dangi yawa ma ya fi girma. Glaze. Ingancin ƙwanƙwasa yana da babban tasiri, musamman akan sigar ɗigo. In ba haka ba, zai yi wahala a sake haifar da ƙananan ƙananan ɗigo. Ko da yake fineness index na allo bugu ain tawada ya kayyade cewa ta barbashi fineness kada ta kasance kasa da 92% kasa 15μm, kuma mafi girma barbashi kada ya wuce 30μm, shi ne har yanzu da wuya a haifuwa lafiya asali. Don guje wa gefuna zigzag na zane da rubutu yayin yin faranti. Ana buƙatar bugawa a cikin rabo na 1: 4, ma'ana, idan kuna amfani da allon allo mai layi 100, kuna buƙatar amfani da allo na raga 400 ko fiye. Mafi girman adadin layin allo na hoton, ƙaramar buɗewar allo da ake amfani da ita. Hakanan akwai ƙarancin barbashi waɗanda zasu iya wucewa ta tawada ain. Wannan yana haifar da rashin haɓakar ɗigo masu ƙarancin-zuwa lamba. Hotunan da rubutun sun yi duhu, kuma gefuna suna da gashi. Don haka, don haɓaka ingancin samfuran da aka buga, mafi kyawun barbashi na tawada ain, mafi kyau. Abun da ke tattare da tawada mai buguwar allo mai glaze iri daya ne da na glaze bugu ain tawada, amma kayan haɗin abu ne mai narkewar ruwa. Yi amfani da rawaya ko wasu rinayen nailan raga na waya; 270 ~ 320 raga 1 inch waya raga ga talakawa yumbu kayayyakin: 220 ~ 250 raga 1 inch waya raga ga flower surface, sauki don samar da taimako sakamako; 340 ~ 400 raga 1 inch don ƙananan samfuran rubutu Allon; dangantakar da ke tsakanin mafi ƙarancin layin allo da ragar allo don buga allo mai launi shine: lambar layin allo: ragar allo = 1: 3. Duk da haka, kauri mai kauri na tawada yumbu, ikon wucewa ta fuskar allo da rashin dole ne a yi la'akari da moire. da sauran abubuwa masu mahimmanci. Za a iya kawar da al'amuran moiré da aka samar a cikin bugu na ɗigon launi ta hanyar canza adadin meshes na allo, kusurwar layin allo ko kusurwar allon shimfiɗa, nau'in ɗigo da tsarin ɗigo; allon da aka yi amfani da shi don tawada a kan-glaze don bugu na allo ya kamata ya zama mai jurewa Don farantin allo, yi amfani da manne mai ɗaukar hoto na tushen mai, manne mai amphoteric mai ɗaukar hoto na ruwa ko farantin fim ɗin hoto mai ɗaukar hoto; allo bugu underglaze ain tawada ya zama wani ruwa-resistant farantin allo, da kuma amfani da ruwa-resistant photosensitive manne ko ruwa-man amphoteric photosensitive manne don yin farantin. Lokacin bugu na yumbu, dole ne a kiyaye zafin yanayin yanayin bugun allo a 22 ~ 269C. Zurfin dangi shine 65% ~ 70%; lokacin da za a buga ƙaƙƙarfan glaze, takarda ya kamata a sanya shi a cikin wurin bugu na allo a gaba, kuma lokacin ajiya ya dogara da yanayin zafi da zafi, gabaɗaya ƴan kwanaki, sannan buga bayan girman ya tsaya.

5. Tsarin samarwa da wuraren sarrafawa na samfuran yumbu infiltrated tile Tsarin kayan ado na yumbu na kai tsaye ya kasu kashi biyu manyan matakai: yumbu on-glaze decal da yumbu ƙarƙashin-glaze decal. Akwai hanyoyin bugu guda uku don yin ƙirar yumbu ta hanyar kai tsaye (hanyar bugu), wato zane-zane na jan karfe gravure gravure ceramic decals da hannu, kashe manyan na'urori na fina-finai da na'urar buga fim ɗin allo. A halin yanzu, hanyar buga allo kai tsaye ana amfani da ita, tare da kyakkyawan tsarin bugu da ingantaccen samarwa. Gudun tsarin yana da kusan kamar haka: farantin tushe → yin farantin allo → bugu → shirye-shiryen enamel → tabbatarwa → jiyya na bulo - → bugu na allo. Daga tsarin tafiyar da ke sama, zamu iya ganin cewa bambanci tsakanin bugu na yumbura da kuma tsarin bugu na gabaɗaya shine shirye-shiryen enamel da sarrafa kayan bulo. Idan tsarin ba a sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata a cikin samarwa, zai yi tasiri sosai akan ingancin tubali mai tsauri. Wasu daga cikin matsalolin da ya kamata a kula da su a cikin tsarin buga allo na tubalin shigar yumbu na gine-gine sune kamar haka.
A cikin bugu na allo, tazara tsakanin tubali da allon kai tsaye yana rinjayar daidaiton ƙirar da aka buga. Tare da motsi na scraper, allon zai zama nakasu zuwa wani matsayi, kuma tsarin da aka buga akan bulo ba daidai ba ne da tsarin akan allon. Sabili da haka, bisa ka'ida, mafi girman nisa tsakanin tubali da allon
Karami, mafi girman madaidaicin tsari akan adobe. A cikin ainihin sarrafawar tubalin shigar yumbu na gine-gine, tazarar ba za ta yi girma ba ko ƙanƙanta. A cikin aiwatar da bugu na allo, lokacin da abin goge fuska ya zazzage allon, dole ne a haɗa allon zuwa raga kafin a haɗa glaze ɗin shiga. .A bar saman adobe kafin a sanya shi, in ba haka ba gefen hoton zai yi duhu saboda yawan glaze da ke shiga jiki. Bugu da ƙari, idan gudun igiyar waya don barin tubalin ya yi jinkiri sosai, danshi a cikin glaze zai ƙafe tare da ƙaddamarwa na glaze. Gilashin da ke fitowa yana da sauƙi don manne da ragamar waya, kuma ɓangarorin glaze ɗin suna ci gaba da haɗuwa, yana haifar da toshe ragar ragamar. Nisa tsakanin bulo na bulo da ragar waya yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan saurin da igiyar waya ta bar saman jikin mara komai. Lokacin da nisa ya ƙanƙanta, lalacewar ragar waya yana da ƙananan yayin motsi na scraper, kuma tashin hankali na sama da ragar ya haifar yana raguwa. Gudun da ragamar ke barin saman adobe yana raguwa. Idan glaze ya yi girma sosai, yana iya manne da raga kuma ya hana ragamar barin saman adobe, yana haifar da lahani mai tsanani. Tabbas, nisa tsakanin allon da bulo ba zai iya zama babba ba, wanda ba wai kawai ya rage madaidaicin tsarin ba, amma kuma yana gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma akan ƙarfin kayan allo. kuma. Gudun igiyoyin waya da ke barin saman adobe yana da sauri sosai, kuma adadin glaze ɗin da ke shiga cikin koren jiki ya ragu sosai, wanda hakan zai sa ƙirar ta yi zurfi da ɗimuwa. Sabili da haka, nisa tsakanin allon da bulo shine muhimmin ma'auni, wanda ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi gabaɗaya bisa ga daidaitattun buƙatun ƙirar da aikin glaze.
A cikin jerin alamomin wasan kwaikwayon na glaze na seepage, danko shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci, wanda ke da tasiri mai girma akan ingancin bugawa. Idan danko ya yi girma, da farko ba shi da kyau ga tsarin bugawa, kuma yana da sauƙi don samar da raga mai laushi, toshe raga da lalata jikin kore. Na biyu, a lokacin da danko na glaze a saman koren jiki yana da girma, juriya na yaduwar ion yana ƙaruwa, don haka glaze slurry ya zauna a saman jikin kore kuma yana da wuya a shiga cikin ciki, da hoton. yana blurred kuma sama-sama bayan babban zafin jiki sintering. Idan danko ya yi kankanta, za a iya samun dalilai guda biyu: na daya shi ne adadin taimakon shiga ciki ya yi yawa; ɗayan kuma shine cewa ƙaddamarwar glaze ɗin da kanta ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa. Idan ya kasance saboda ƙari na taimakon shigar ciki
Idan danko ya yi ƙasa sosai, ions masu canza launin za su shiga zurfi sosai a ƙarƙashin aikin taimakon shigar, wanda zai haifar da raguwa a cikin maida hankali na ions masu launi a cikin koren jiki, kuma launi zai zama haske da blur bayan babban zafin jiki sintering. Idan maida hankali na seepage glaze kanta ya yi ƙasa sosai, ruwan da ke cikin slurry glaze zai karu (a gaskiya ma, ruwa ma taimako ne mai mahimmanci), kuma ƙaddamar da ions masu launi zai ragu. Hoton bayan yanayin zafi mai zafi shima yana blur kuma an tattauna.
Daban-daban daga tsarin bugu na allo na yau da kullun, aikin bulo na bulo yana da babban tasiri akan launi da ƙirar samfuri. A cikin aiki na ainihi, blank ɗin dole ne ya kula da wani zafi da zafin jiki don saduwa da buƙatun tsarin bugu na allo. Danshi abun ciki na adobe yana da tasiri akan ingancin bugawa.
Abubuwan da ke cikin danshi galibi yana nufin abun cikin damshin lokacin da ya shiga aikin buga allo bayan aikin bushewa. Matsayin abun ciki na danshi yana da tasiri mai girma akan tsarin bugu na allo. Yana da sauri cikin bulo, wanda ke da sauƙi don haifar da haɗuwa da bushewa na glaze barbashi, wanda zai toshe raga kuma ya haifar da matsala a cikin bugawa. Lokacin da abun ciki na bulo na bulo ya yi yawa sosai, yawan ɗaukar bulo na blank zuwa glaze yana jinkirin. Idan tazarar dake tsakanin bulo da ragamar waya ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai, bayan tsagewar, ragamar waya ba zata iya mannewa da igiyar ragar ba kafin a makala babur bulo a ragar. Bar saman adobe, wato, glaze yana da sauƙi don manne wa igiyoyin waya, yana haifar da toshe raga. Don haka, a zahirin samarwa, ana buƙatar gabaɗaya don sarrafa ɗanɗanon adobe.
kasa da 0.2%.
Idan zafin bulo na bulo ya yi yawa (fiye da 70C), yayin aikin bugu, ruwan da ke cikin glaze ɗin zai ƙafe da sauri bayan ya gamu da babban zafin jiki mara kyau, wanda zai ƙara ɗanɗanowar glaze ɗin, da kuma m. glaze zai sauƙaƙe toshe siliki. Raga raga, yana haifar da matsalolin bugawa. Bugu da ƙari, ions masu canza launin da ke shiga cikin koren jiki kuma za su yi ƙaura tare da fitar da ruwa a cikin glaze mai shiga, kuma ions masu canza launin za su kasance a cikin adadi mai yawa daga cikin koren jiki zuwa saman koren jiki, sakamakon haka. a cikin ba zurfi kutsawa da blur alamu. Idan yawan zafin jiki na bulo ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa (kasa da 30). Ƙofar capillary da ke cikin babur ta ragu, kuma juriya na kyalkyali da glaze ga jikin blank yana ƙaruwa daidai da haka, kuma yana da wahala ga ions masu canza launin su shiga ciki na jiki mara kyau, wanda ya haifar da glaze a cikin koren jiki. . Fuskar koren jiki yana bazuwa a kaikaice, yana sa tsarin samfurin ya ɓaci kuma launi mai haske sosai. Don haka, don haɓaka ingancin samfuran da aka buga, yakamata a kula da yawan zafin jiki na bulo, gabaɗaya a sarrafa shi a 45 ~ 65C. Glaze na seepage yana daidai da tsarin bugu na allo na yau da kullun
Yawancin abu ne mai ruwa tare da takamaiman digiri da kwanciyar hankali (ba tare da delamination, hazo da lalacewa ba) wanda aka shirya ta ƙara mahaɗan launuka masu narkewa zuwa ƙwararrun gyare-gyaren danko, ruwa da ƙari masu aiki. . Ana buƙatar cewa glaze na seepage dole ne ya kasance yana da abubuwa masu zuwa: na farko, yana da wani danko, wanda ke haifar da babban juriya lokacin da scraper ya motsa; na biyu, yana da isasshen ruwa kuma yana iya wucewa ta cikin ramukan raga lami lafiya; na uku shine don cimma wani ƙayyadaddun lafiya, don hana toshe raga.
Zaɓin girman raga na ragar waya yana da alaƙa da ingancin buƙatun samfurin samfurin a gefe guda, kuma yana da alaƙa da aikin glaze na infiltration a gefe guda. Don glaze na seepage tare da wani ɗanɗano, idan raga na allon ya yi yawa kuma ya yi ƙanƙanta,
Lokacin bugawa, yana da wahala ga glaze ɗin ya isa saman jikin bulo ta hanyar ragamar allo. Ko da za a iya buga shi a saman jikin bulo, zai haifar da mummunan sakamako mai kyau da kuma yanayin da ba shi da zurfi da ɓarke ​​​​sabili da ƙarancin adadin glazes. Idan ragar ragar waya ya yi girma sosai, adadin glaze da ke ratsa ragar waya zuwa saman koren jiki zai fi yawa. Yana da sauƙi a shimfiɗa a saman jikin kore, wanda kuma ya sa alamar ta zama blush. A cikin samarwa na ainihi, adadin raga na raga ya kamata a zaɓa da kyau bisa ga danko na glaze. Ramin ya kamata ya zama karami. Gabaɗaya magana, ragar ragar waya za a iya sarrafa shi a 60 ~ 120 raga 1 inch. Girman barbashi na glaze manna yana da wani tasiri akan ingancin bugawa. Idan yana da kyau sosai, tashin hankali na saman zai karu, kuma glaze Layer zai zama mai sauƙi ga bushewa da fashewa. Bayan yin gyare-gyare, glaze yana raguwa kuma ya ƙone. Idan girman barbashi na glaze slurry ya yi girma sosai, zai ƙara yawan zafin jiki na narkewa, zai shafi zurfin ions masu canza launi da ke shiga cikin koren jiki, yana shafar ikon haɓaka launi na glaze launi, kuma yana rage yawan tattara launi na ƙirar; Yana da sauƙi don bayyana sabon abu na shafa, kuma zai kara saurin lalacewa na allon kuma ya rage ƙarfin bugawa. A cikin ainihin aiki, ikon sarrafa girman slurry glaze gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar rabin girman girman allon raga na buɗewa azaman babban iyakar girman barbashi.
Ƙunƙarar allon yana da wani tasiri akan tsarin bugawa da ingancin bugawa. Idan allon yana da ƙarfi sosai, tashin hankali lokacin da allon ya bar sarari yana da girma sosai, saurin barin blank ɗin yana da sauri, kuma lokacin hulɗa tsakanin allon da blank yana da girma. Rage, adadin glaze na seepage ta hanyar bugu na allo zuwa saman jikin kore yana da ɗan ƙarami, a wannan lokacin
don samun tsari mai ma'ana, dole ne a rage saurin scraper. Idan allon ya shimfiɗa sosai, tashin hankali lokacin da allon ya fita daga jikin kore yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, saurin barin korewar yana jinkirin, lokacin hulɗa tsakanin allon da koren jiki yana tsawaita, kuma ana buga glaze akan. saman koren jiki ta fuskar allo. Adadin yana da girman gaske. Yana da sauƙi don haifar da yaɗuwar ƙirar samfur a gefe.
6. Ƙarshe Ƙaƙwalwar
yumbu a kan-glaze decal bugu shine babban hanyar da ake amfani da kayan aikin yumbura. Yana da halaye na ƙananan farashi, in mun gwada da babban tsari da kuma kyakkyawan sakamako na bugu gaba ɗaya, don haka ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin masana'antar lalata yumbu. Kodayake aikace-aikacen bugu na allo akan fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen yumbu sabon batu ne, ya haɓaka cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cikin ainihin samarwa, ya zama dole don sarrafa nisa daidai tsakanin allon da babur ain, da kuma kula da tasirin aikin glaze na seepage da aikin fasinja mara kyau akan ingancin bugu. Ya kamata a yi gyare-gyaren da aka yi niyya a cikin aikin aiwatarwa, ya kamata a zaɓi lambar raga na allon bisa ga buƙatun takamaiman samfurin da aikin glaze na seepage, kuma ya kamata a daidaita madaidaicin allon daidai. Ta wannan hanyar kawai za a iya samun samfurin buga mai inganci.


Post time: Jun-28-2022